{"id":12607,"date":"2018-11-02T21:44:00","date_gmt":"2018-11-02T20:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informationdemocracy.org\/?p=12607"},"modified":"2025-09-20T21:45:33","modified_gmt":"2025-09-20T19:45:33","slug":"la-declaration-internationale-sur-linformation-et-la-democratie-des-principes-fondamentaux-pour-lespace-global-de-linformation-et-de-la-communication-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informationdemocracy.org\/fr\/2018\/11\/02\/la-declaration-internationale-sur-linformation-et-la-democratie-des-principes-fondamentaux-pour-lespace-global-de-linformation-et-de-la-communication-2\/","title":{"rendered":"La \u201cD\u00e9claration internationale sur l\u2019information et la d\u00e9mocratie\u201d : des principes fondamentaux pour l\u2019espace global de l\u2019information et de la communication"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La Commission pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par Christophe Deloire et Shirin Ebadi divulgue ce 5 novembre la \u201cD\u00e9claration internationale sur l\u2019information et la d\u00e9mocratie\u201d, qui pose les garanties d\u00e9mocratiques dans l\u2019espace global de l\u2019information et de la communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soixante-dix ans apr\u00e8s l\u2019adoption \u00e0 Paris de la D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l\u2019Homme, la D\u00e9claration internationale sur l\u2019information et la d\u00e9mocratie<\/a>\u201d pose les principes fondamentaux de l\u2019espace global de l\u2019information et de la communication, un \u201cbien commun de l\u2019humanit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, est-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9 dans le pr\u00e9ambule. L\u2019organisation de cet espace \u201crel\u00e8ve de la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 toute enti\u00e8re, par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire d\u2019institutions d\u00e9mocratiques<\/em>\u201d. Ce texte de six pages,<\/a> publi\u00e9 lundi 5 novembre 2018, pr\u00e9cise les garanties d\u00e9mocratiques pour la libert\u00e9, l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance, le pluralisme et la fiabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019information, dans un contexte de mondialisation, de digitalisation et de bouleversement de l\u2019espace public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Commission sur l\u2019information et la d\u00e9mocratie<\/a>, pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par Christophe Deloire<\/a>, secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res (RSF), et Shirin Ebadi<\/a>, laur\u00e9ate du prix Nobel de la Paix, a adopt\u00e9 cette d\u00e9claration solennelle \u00e0 l\u2019unanimit\u00e9 des membres. La commission, qui s\u2019\u00e9tait r\u00e9unie pour la premi\u00e8re fois les 11 et 12 septembre 2018 \u00e0 Paris, a \u0153uvr\u00e9 pendant pr\u00e8s de deux mois, en proc\u00e9dant \u00e0 des \u00e9changes notamment par les moyens technologiques. La lettre de mission<\/a>, r\u00e9dig\u00e9e par les copr\u00e9sidents, pr\u00e9voyait que la d\u00e9claration constitue \u201cune r\u00e9f\u00e9rence qui permette de mobiliser tous ceux qui sont attach\u00e9s \u00e0 pr\u00e9server un espace public libre et pluraliste, condition de la d\u00e9mocratie<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Commission est compos\u00e9e de 25 personnalit\u00e9s de 18 nationalit\u00e9s, parmi lesquels les laur\u00e9ats du Nobel Amartya Sen<\/a>, Joseph Stiglitz<\/a> et Mario Vargas Llosa<\/a>, la laur\u00e9ate du prix Sakharov Hauwa Ibrahim<\/a>, et \u00e9galement, par ordre alphab\u00e9tique, de sp\u00e9cialistes des nouvelles technologies, d\u2019anciens dirigeants d\u2019organisations internationales, de juristes et journalistes, \u00e0 savoir Emily Bell<\/a>, Yochai Benkler<\/a>, Teng Biao<\/a>, Nighat Dad<\/a>, Can D\u00fcndar<\/a>, Primavera de Filippi<\/a>, Mireille Delmas-Marty<\/a>, Abdou Diouf<\/a>, Francis Fukuyama<\/a>, Ulrik Haagerup<\/a>, Ann Marie Lipinski<\/a>, Adam Michnik<\/a>, Eli Pariser<\/a>, Antoine Petit<\/a>, Navi Pillay<\/a>, Maria Ressa<\/a>, Marina Walker<\/a>, Aidan White<\/a> et Mikhail Zygar<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u2019apporte cette D\u00e9claration par rapport au corpus de droit et de d\u00e9ontologie en vigueur ? Reconna\u00eetre que l\u2019espace global de la communication et de l\u2019information est un bien commun de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, donne une base de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019instauration de garanties d\u00e9mocratiques. La cons\u00e9cration d\u2019un \u201cdroit \u00e0 l\u2019information\u201d, entendu comme un droit \u00e0 l\u2019information fiable, est une innovation qui \u00e9tablit que les \u00eatres humains sont titulaires d\u2019un droit fondamental qui leur permet de revendiquer la r\u00e9ception d\u2019informations collect\u00e9es, trait\u00e9es et diffus\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re libre, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 un id\u00e9al d\u2019engagement pour la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, de pluralit\u00e9 des points de vue et une m\u00e9thode rationnelle d\u2019\u00e9tablissement des faits. Cette extension prolonge une \u00e9volution historique du droit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors que la notion de \u201clibert\u00e9 d\u2019expression\u201d est utilis\u00e9e pour justifier l\u2019irresponsabilit\u00e9 d\u2019entit\u00e9s qui cr\u00e9ent des moyens techniques, des architectures de choix et des normes pour l\u2019espace de l\u2019information et de la communication, la D\u00e9claration rappelle que la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression est un droit des individus, avec des exceptions limit\u00e9es. Les entit\u00e9s structurantes doivent respecter des principes fondamentaux : leurs activit\u00e9s doivent par exemple respecter une neutralit\u00e9 politique, id\u00e9ologique et religieuse et il leur revient d\u2019assurer le pluralisme, notamment par la s\u00e9rendipit\u00e9, et de mettre en place des m\u00e9canismes de promotion de l\u2019information fiable. Ces entit\u00e9s structurantes doivent \u00eatre pr\u00e9visibles pour ceux sur qui elles ont de l\u2019influence, r\u00e9sistantes \u00e0 la manipulation et transparentes \u00e0 l\u2019inspection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La D\u00e9claration s\u2019attache aussi \u00e0 consacrer la fonction sociale du journalisme, qui justifie un effort particulier pour assurer sa viabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Le journalisme a pour r\u00f4le d\u2019\u00eatre un \u00ab tiers de confiance \u00bb pour les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s. Les journalistes ont vocation \u00e0 rendre compte de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de la mani\u00e8re la plus large, la plus profonde et la plus pertinente possible, en s\u2019attachant \u00e0 d\u00e9crire les \u00e9v\u00e9nements mais aussi les situations complexes et les \u00e9volutions, en conservant un \u00e9quilibre entre les aspects positifs et n\u00e9gatifs des activit\u00e9s humaines et en distinguant l\u2019important du trivial. La libert\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des journalistes, l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de l\u2019information, le respect de la d\u00e9ontologie sont des conditions essentielles pour l\u2019exercice du journalisme, quel que soit le statut de ceux qui l\u2019exercent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment mettre en \u0153uvre les principes de la D\u00e9claration ? La Commission r\u00e9clame la mise en place d\u2019un groupe international d\u2019experts, dont le mandat et le financement permettraient de garantir l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s priv\u00e9es comme des gouvernements. Ce groupe devrait avoir le pouvoir d\u2019enqu\u00eater sur les pratiques et les incidences de celles-ci sur les moyens, architectures et normes de la communication. \u201cLe contr\u00f4le d\u00e9mocratique n\u00e9cessitera la participation permanente d\u2019experts qui auront vocation \u00e0 assurer \u00e0 la fois la repr\u00e9sentation de la diversit\u00e9 de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9valuation rigoureuse des pratiques et conditions de la production de connaissance dans l\u2019espace de l\u2019information et de la communication<\/em>\u201d, pr\u00e9cise la D\u00e9claration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les membres de la Commission sur l\u2019information et la d\u00e9mocratie lancent un appel, publi\u00e9 dans la presse internationale \u00e0 partir du 5 novembre : \u201cNous appelons les dirigeants de bonne volont\u00e9 de tous les continents \u00e0 se mobiliser en faveur des mod\u00e8les d\u00e9mocratiques et d\u2019un d\u00e9bat public ouvert dans lequel les citoyens peuvent prendre leurs d\u00e9cisions sur la base de faits. L\u2019espace global de la communication et de l\u2019information, qui est un bien commun de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, doit \u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9 en tant que tel, afin de favoriser l\u2019exercice de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et d\u2019opinion en respectant les principes de pluralisme, de libert\u00e9, dignit\u00e9 et tol\u00e9rance, ainsi que l\u2019id\u00e9al de la raison et de la connaissance. Nous demandons l\u2019expression d\u2019un engagement fort d\u00e8s le 11 novembre, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion du Forum sur la paix<\/a>, lorsque des dizaines de dirigeants politiques seront r\u00e9unis \u00e0 Paris.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La \u201cD\u00e9claration internationale sur l\u2019information et la d\u00e9mocratie\u201d a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crite en anglais. Deux traductions officielles, fran\u00e7ais et espagnol, sont actuellement disponibles. D\u2019autres traductions officielles seront fournies ult\u00e9rieurement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Commission pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par Christophe Deloire et Shirin Ebadi publie aujourd’hui la \u00ab\u00a0D\u00e9claration internationale sur l’information et la d\u00e9mocratie\u00a0\u00bb, qui \u00e9tablit des garanties d\u00e9mocratiques pour l’espace mondial de l’information et de la communication.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11342,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"contenu-mis-en-avant":[],"thematic":[69,67,68,70],"workstream":[],"class_list":["post-12607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-categorise","thematic-fiabilite-des-informations-en-ligne","thematic-lintelligence-artificielle-et-lespace-dinformation","thematic-soutenabilite-des-medias","thematic-transparence-et-responsabilite-des-big-tech"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPublication de la d\u00e9claration 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